Actually, they aren't. They are zero quantities in whatever medium is used. It's easy to show this.
Take a 10C preparation. You dilute 1cc of some fluid or powder in 100cc water; then you do it again, and then again, and then again. At the end, you have the equivalent of your original 1cc dissolved in 100 billion billion ccs of water. There are 1 million ccs by volume in a cubic metre. So that's 100 thousand billion cubic metres of water. There are 1 billion cubic metres in a cubic kilometre. So we end up with 1cc of active ingredient in 100,000 cubic kilometres of water.
That's more than four times the volume of water in all 5 of the American Great Lakes. On average, any 1cc of water you extract from your final solution will contain no active ingredient whatsoever.
Some preparations are 30C, which requires more water than would fill the universe to dilute 1cc of active ingredient.
There are more scientific explanations, involving what we now know about the number of molecules that are present in 1cc of anything, and it can be shown that there are far, far more cubic centimetres of water in the final solution than there are numbers of molecules in the original substance. Each time 99cc of the substance is thrown away to dilute the remaining 1cc into a new 99cc of water, 99% of the active ingredients are thrown away. By the final dissolution, 99% of the active ingredient is ALL of the active ingredient.
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